{"id":24440,"date":"2023-07-25T17:11:32","date_gmt":"2023-07-25T17:11:32","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.slineamt.ro\/apostolul\/?p=24440"},"modified":"2023-07-25T17:12:40","modified_gmt":"2023-07-25T17:12:40","slug":"aritmetica-celor-cinci-pani","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.slineamt.ro\/apostolul\/studii-si-sinteze\/aritmetica-celor-cinci-pani\/","title":{"rendered":"Aritmetica celor Cinci p\u00e2ni"},"content":{"rendered":"
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La 1 martie 1883, \u00een revista \u201eConvorbiri literare\u201d a ap\u0103rut povestirea Cinci p\u00e2ni<\/em>, de Ion Creang\u0103.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Criticii \u015fi istoricii literari sunt aproape unanim de acord cu aprecierea c\u0103 Ion Creang\u0103, prin toat\u0103 structura operei sale, este un scriitor de tip clasic, un moralist, un fin observator al umanit\u0103\u0163ii sub latur\u0103 moral\u0103, chiar \u00een basme, unde fantastice sunt numai unele peripe\u0163ii, eroii, fiin\u0163ele supranaturale \u00eense\u015fi \u00eentruchip\u00e2nd virtu\u0163i \u015fi vicii omene\u015fti.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u00cent\u00e2lnim, uneori, \u00een opera marelui humule\u015ftean, manifeste inten\u0163ii etice \u015fi pedagogice, mai ales c\u0103 sunt de notorietate experien\u0163ele sale pedagogice din anii maturit\u0103\u0163ii. \u00cenv\u0103\u0163\u0103torul copiilor<\/em> a adunat \u00een paginile sale mai multe crea\u0163ii pe care, din spirit didacticist, le-am a\u015fezat \u00een r\u00e2ndul povestirilor: Poveste<\/em> (Prostia omeneasc\u0103<\/em>), Inul \u015fi c\u0103me\u015fa<\/em>, Acul \u015fi barosul<\/em>, P\u00e2cal\u0103<\/em>; \u00een aceea\u015fi categorie am mai putea socoti Povestea unui om lene\u015f<\/em> (1878) \u015fi Cinci p\u00e2ni<\/em> (1883), am\u00e2ndou\u0103 fiind publicate \u00een revista \u201eConvorbiri literare\u201d. De\u015fi nu se ridic\u0103 la \u00een\u0103l\u0163imea capodoperelor lui Creang\u0103, aceste scurte povestiri, scrise pentru copii, \u201enu sunt mai pu\u0163in valoroase \u00een sfera lor<\/em>\u201d (Al. Piru).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Continu\u0103m demersul nostru de prezentare a universului operei lui Ion Creang\u0103, poposind, de data aceasta, la una dintre cele mai savuroase lec\u0163ii de aritmetic\u0103, \u015fi anume: povestirea Cinci p\u00e2ni<\/em>, \u00een care ni se d\u0103 solu\u0163ia ingenioas\u0103 a unei probleme de aritmetic\u0103. Pe scurt, doi \u0163\u0103rani c\u0103l\u0103toresc \u00eempreun\u0103 pe un drum; unul are \u00een traist\u0103 trei p\u00e2ini, iar cel\u0103lalt, numai dou\u0103. Tocmai c\u00e2nd se a\u015fezar\u0103 ei s\u0103 m\u0103n\u00e2nce, un al treilea, f\u0103r\u0103 merinde, se apropie de d\u00e2n\u015fii, rug\u00e2ndu-i s\u0103 \u00eel primeasc\u0103 \u015fi pe el la masa care tocmai \u00eencepea l\u00e2ng\u0103 f\u00e2nt\u00e2na cu ap\u0103 rece \u015fi sub r\u0103chita pletoas\u0103 unde se a\u015fezaser\u0103:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201e\u2013 Poftim, om bun, de-i osp\u0103ta \u00eempreun\u0103 cu noi, ziser\u0103 cei doi drume\u0163i c\u0103l\u0103torului str\u0103in; c\u0103ci, mila Domnului! unde m\u0103n\u00e2nc\u0103 doi mai poate m\u00e2nca \u015fi al treilea.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

C\u0103l\u0103torul str\u0103in, fl\u0103m\u00e2nd cum era, nemaia\u015ftept\u00e2nd mult\u0103 poftire, se a\u015faz\u0103 jos l\u00e2ng\u0103 cei doi, \u015fi \u00eencep a m\u00e2nca cu to\u0163ii p\u00e2ne goal\u0103 \u015fi a be ap\u0103 rece din f\u00e2nt\u00e2n\u0103, c\u0103ci alt\u0103 ud\u0103tur\u0103 nu aveau. \u015ei m\u0103n\u00e2nc\u0103 ei la un loc tustrei, \u015fi m\u0103n\u00e2nc\u0103, p\u00e2n\u0103 ce g\u0103tesc de m\u00e2ncat toate cele cinci p\u00e2ni, de parc\u0103 n-au mai fost.<\/em>\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

A\u015fadar, ospitalitatea \u015fi bun\u0103tatea bine cunoscute ale omului de la \u0163ar\u0103 \u00eei confer\u0103 oaspetelui statutul de comesean; drept mul\u0163umit\u0103, acesta ofer\u0103, din \u00eent\u00e2mplare, celui care avusese trei p\u00e2ini, cinci lei, plec\u00e2nd la treburile sale. De\u015fi prime\u015fte doi lei drept plat\u0103 pentru cele dou\u0103 p\u00e2ini pe care le-a avut, acesta se consider\u0103 nedrept\u0103\u0163it \u015fi \u00eel duce pe tovar\u0103\u015ful s\u0103u de drum \u00een fa\u0163a judec\u0103torului, care face dreptate \u00eentr-un mod care \u00eel ru\u015fineaz\u0103 pe nemul\u0163umit:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201e\u2013 A\u015fadar, dumitale \u0163i se cuvine numai un leu, fiindc\u0103 numai o bucat\u0103 de p\u00e2ne ai avut de \u00eentrecut, \u015fi aceasta ca \u015fi cum ai fi avut-o de v\u00e2nzare, deoarece a\u0163i primit bani de la oaspetele dumneavoastr\u0103. Iar tovar\u0103\u015fului dumitale i se cuvin patru lei, fiindc\u0103 patru buc\u0103\u0163i de p\u00e2ne a avut de \u00eentrecut. Acum, dar\u0103, f\u0103 bine de \u00eenapoie\u015fte un leu tovar\u0103\u015fului dumitale. \u015ei dac\u0103 te crezi nedrept\u0103\u0163it, du-te \u015fi la Dumnezeu, \u015fi las\u2019 dac\u0103 \u0163i-a face \u015fi el judecat\u0103 mai dreapt\u0103 dec\u00e2t aceasta!<\/em>\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Povestirea se \u00eencheie cu medita\u0163ia \u0163\u0103ranului care a avut trei p\u00e2ini:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201e\u2013 Dac-ar fi pretutindeni tot asemene judec\u0103tori… cei ce n-au dreptate n-ar mai n\u0103zui \u00een veci \u015fi-n pururea la judecat\u0103<\/em>.\u201d Se afl\u0103, \u00een acest final, atitudinea lui Creang\u0103 fa\u0163\u0103 de ap\u0103r\u0103torii necinsti\u0163i pe care, ca \u015fi Eminescu, \u00eei detesta; acesta este \u015fi unul din sensurile moralizatoare ale povestirii, al\u0103turi de ilustrarea proverbului bine cunoscut: \u201eNemul\u0163umitului i se ia darul<\/em>\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u00cen mod obi\u015fnuit, eroii lui Creang\u0103 se afirm\u0103 prin monolog sau dialog; a\u015fadar, personajele sale se caracterizeaz\u0103 vorbind. \u00cen\u0163elegem mai bine tehnica dialogului \u015fi din acest fragment:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201e\u2013 De asta chiar m\u0103 cuprinde mirare, domnule judec\u0103tor, zise nemul\u0163\u0103mitul cu \u00eendr\u0103zneal\u0103. Eu am venit \u00eenaintea judecatei s\u0103 cap\u0103t dreptate, \u015fi v\u0103d c\u0103 dumneata, care \u015ftii legile, mai r\u0103u m\u0103 acufunzi. De-a fi s\u0103 fie tot a\u015fa \u015fi judecata dinaintea lui Dumnezeu, apoi vai de lume!<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2013 A\u015fa \u0163i se pare dumitale, zise judec\u0103torul lini\u015ftit, dar ia s\u0103 vezi c\u0103 nu-i a\u015fa. Ai avut dumneata dou\u0103 p\u00e2ni?<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2013 Da, domnule judec\u0103tor, dou\u0103 am avut.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2013 Tovar\u0103\u015ful dumitale, avut-a trei p\u00e2ni?<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2013 Da, domnule judec\u0103tor, trei a avut.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2013 Ud\u0103tur\u0103 ceva avut-a\u0163i vreunul?<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2013 Nimic, domnule judec\u0103tor, numai p\u00e2ne goal\u0103 \u015fi apa r\u0103ce din f\u00e2nt\u00e2n\u0103, fie de sufletul cui a f\u0103cut-o acolo, \u00een calea trec\u0103torilor.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2013 Dinioarea, parc\u0103 singur mi-ai spus, zise judec\u0103torul, c\u0103 a\u0163i m\u00e2ncat to\u0163i tot ca unul de mult; a\u015fa este?<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2013 A\u015fa este, domnule judec\u0103tor.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2013 Acum, ia s\u0103 statornicim r\u00e2nduiala urm\u0103toare, ca s\u0103 se poat\u0103 \u015fti hotar\u00e2t care c\u00e2t\u0103 p\u00e2ne a m\u00e2ncat. S\u0103 zicem c\u0103 s-a t\u0103iat fiecare p\u00e2ne \u00een c\u00e2te trei buc\u0103\u0163i deopotriv\u0103 de mari; c\u00e2te buc\u0103\u0163i ai fi avut dumneata, care spui ca avu\u015fi dou\u0103 p\u00e2ni?<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2013 \u015eese buc\u0103\u0163i a\u015f fi avut, domnule judec\u0103tor.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2013 Dar tovar\u0103\u015ful dumitale, care spui c-a avut trei p\u00e2ni?<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2013 Nou\u0103 buc\u0103\u0163i ar fi avut, domnule judec\u0103tor.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2013 Acum, c\u00e2te fac la un loc \u015fese buc\u0103\u0163i \u015fi cu nou\u0103 buc\u0103\u0163i?<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2013 Cincisprezece buc\u0103\u0163i, domnule judec\u0103tor.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2013 C\u00e2\u0163i oameni a\u0163i m\u00e2ncat aceste cincisprezece buc\u0103\u0163i de p\u00e2ne?<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2013 Trei oameni, domnule judec\u0103tor.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2013 Bun! C\u00e2te c\u00e2te buc\u0103\u0163i vin de fiecare om?<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2013 C\u00e2te cinci buc\u0103\u0163i, domnule judec\u0103tor.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2013 Acum, \u0163ii minte c\u00e2te buc\u0103\u0163i ai fi avut dumneta?<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2013 \u015eese buc\u0103\u0163i, domnule judec\u0103tor.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2013 Dar de m\u00e2ncat, c\u00e2te ai m\u00e2ncat dumneta?<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2013 Cinci buc\u0103\u0163i, domnule judec\u0103tor.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2013 Si c\u00e2te \u0163i-au mai r\u0103mas de \u00eentrecut?<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2013 Numai o bucat\u0103, domnule judec\u0103tor.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2013 Acum s\u0103 st\u0103m aici, \u00een ceea ce te prive\u015fte pe dumneta, \u015fi s\u0103 lu\u0103m pe istalalt la r\u00e2nd. \u0162ii minte c\u00e2te buc\u0103\u0163i de p\u00e2ne ar fi avut tovar\u0103\u015ful d-tale?<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2013 Nou\u0103 buc\u0103\u0163i, domnule judec\u0103tor.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2013 Si c\u00e2te a m\u00e2ncat el de toate?<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2013 Cinci buc\u0103\u0163i, ca \u015fi mine, domnule judec\u0103tor.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2013 Dar de \u00eentrecut, c\u00e2te i-au mai r\u0103mas?<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2013 Patru buc\u0103\u0163i, domnule judec\u0103tor.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2013 Bun! Ia, acu\u015f avem s\u0103 ne in\u0163elegem c\u00e2t se poate de bine! Vra s\u0103 zic\u0103, dumneta ai avut numai o bucat\u0103 de \u00eentrecut, iar tovar\u0103\u015ful dumitale, patru buc\u0103\u0163i. Acum, o bucat\u0103 de p\u00e2ne r\u0103mas\u0103 de la dumneta \u015fi cu patru buc\u0103\u0163i de la istalalt fac la un loc cinci buc\u0103\u0163i?<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2013 Taman cinci, domnule judec\u0103tor.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2013 Este adev\u0103rat c\u0103 aceste buc\u0103\u0163i de p\u00e2ne le-a m\u00e2ncat oaspetele dumneavoastr\u0103, care spui c\u0103 v-a dat cinci lei drept mul\u0163\u0103mit\u0103?<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2013 Adev\u0103rat este, domnule judec\u0103tor<\/em>\u201d…<\/p>\n\n\n\n

A\u015fadar, o constatare a oric\u0103rui cititor al lui Creang\u0103 este c\u0103 are \u00een fa\u0163\u0103 un anecdotist, preocupat, \u00een primul r\u00e2nd, de a produce veselia, hazul (anecdota este o istorioar\u0103, cu sf\u00e2r\u015fit nea\u015fteptat, comic); din aceast\u0103 perspectiv\u0103 v\u0103zute lucrurile, Cinci p\u00e2ni<\/em> poate fi considerat\u0103 astfel.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Punem punct, deocamdat\u0103, acestui demers, eviden\u0163iind, o dat\u0103 \u00een plus, faptul c\u0103 humule\u015fteanul nostru \u015fi-a c\u00e2\u015ftigat pe deplin locul \u00een Panteonul literelor rom\u00e2ne\u015fti.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Prof. dr. Gheorghe BR\u00c2NZEI<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

La 1 martie 1883, \u00een revista \u201eConvorbiri literare\u201d a ap\u0103rut povestirea Cinci p\u00e2ni, de Ion Creang\u0103. Criticii \u015fi istoricii literari sunt aproape unanim de acord cu aprecierea c\u0103 Ion Creang\u0103, prin toat\u0103 structura operei sale, este un scriitor de tip…<\/p>\n

Read more →<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[14,473],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-24440","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-studii-si-sinteze","category-numarul-263"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.slineamt.ro\/apostolul\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/24440","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.slineamt.ro\/apostolul\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.slineamt.ro\/apostolul\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.slineamt.ro\/apostolul\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.slineamt.ro\/apostolul\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=24440"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/www.slineamt.ro\/apostolul\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/24440\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":24443,"href":"https:\/\/www.slineamt.ro\/apostolul\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/24440\/revisions\/24443"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.slineamt.ro\/apostolul\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=24440"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.slineamt.ro\/apostolul\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=24440"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.slineamt.ro\/apostolul\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=24440"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}